Paralleles of Cosi and Cosi Fan Tutte Essay Example for Free

Paralleles of Cosi and Cosi Fan Tutte Essay Cosi by Louis Nowra and Cosi Fan Tutte by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart are set in completely different times but both themes of the play parallel each other. Cosi was set in 1970’s society whilst Cosi Fan Tutte was set in 1790. Cosi Fan Tutte is play about love and fidelity which parallels with what happens in Cosi. On the surface they are parallel because Lucy is unfaithful to Lewis when they are in a relationship together just as the women were in Cosi Fan Tutte. But it is much more than that. To really understand the parallels of the plays we must look at love and fidelity in depth. What really is love? What is demonstrated throughout both plays is that people have double standards towards love. In the Cosi we see free love and characters that believe in free love such as Lucy, Nick and Doug. Free love is the belief of having sexual relations according to choice, without being restricted by marriage or long-term relationships. They believe in freedom in doing whatever you want but this is the complete opposite of how they treat the mentally ill. They treat them with not dignity that makes them restricted to being behind walls of an asylum. Free love is about freedom yet they are confined to their ward like traditional marriage because people fear them. This is not the definition of love. Louis Nowra wants us to love each other and not stereotyping people by giving labels to people that we fear but instead showing respect and compassion. That is what true love is. In Cosi Fan Tutte we see two men test the love and fidelity of their girlfriends. This displays the double standards that men have on love. They believe that is alright to for them to test love. Mozart tells us that love needs to be equal that one side can’t unfaithful and that is alright. Mozart is trying to make us question what love is, like Louis Nowra did in Cosi. For there to be love, it must be equal and this is the key theme from bo th plays.

Idealism in Auden’s O who can ever gaze his fill, Out on the lawn I li

Idealism in Auden’s O who can ever gaze his fill, Out on the lawn I lie in bed (A Summer Night 1933), and The Shield of Achilles W.H. Auden’s poems are celebrated for their intelligence, detachedness, and musicality. Often, idealism is associated with romanticism and the excessively personal, because it is an attempt at envisioning the world as it ought to be and not as it is. However, Auden successfully blends idealism into his objective poems, and this idealism manifests itself in his â€Å"O who can ever gaze his fill,† â€Å"Out on the lawn I lie in bed† (â€Å"A Summer Night 1933†), and â€Å"The Shield of Achilles.† In â€Å"O who can ever gaze his fill,† mortals from various walks of life comment on their ideals while Death watches over them. Composed of four stanzas, Death’s refrain succeeds the mortals’ thoughts and gets the last say in each instance. In the first stanza, the farmer and the fisherman look upon the water and the land fondly, believing that the traditional life of hard work coexists with their closeness to nature. This ideal life is how their forefathers have lived, and it is how â€Å"the pilgrims from [their] loins† should live in the years to come (6). However, Death remarks as it oversees the â€Å"empty catch† and â€Å"harvest loss† (9) that, â€Å"the earth is an oyster with nothing inside it† (12). Therefore, it advises, forget this ideal and â€Å"throw down the mattock and dance while you can† (15). This advice can be seen as giving up on the traditional way of life, so that the fisherman and the f armer no longer have to be bound to their toils. Death also says, â€Å"Not to be born is the best for man† (13), and this phrase is repeated in the subsequent stanzas. In the ideal world, perhaps mankind is not born i... ...ion, love, art, and nature. This idealism, far from being romantic, is imbued with rationality. Often, it is also countered by a strong cynicism. Using haunting imageries and melodic poetic devices, Auden successfully demonstrates a balanced sense of idealism in his â€Å"O who can ever gaze his fill,† â€Å"Out on the lawn I lie in bed† (â€Å"A Summer Night 1933†), and â€Å"The Shield of Achilles.† * some versions of the poem, like the one in Selected Poems, ed. Edward Mendelson (Vintage) appear to have 15 stanzas. Works Cited Auden, W.H. â€Å"A Summer Night 1933.† In The Colleced Poetry of Auden, pp. 96-98. New York: Random House, 1945. Auden, W.H. â€Å"O who can ever gaze his fill.† In The Colleced Poetry of Auden, pp. 224-226. New York: Random House, 1945. Auden, W.H. â€Å"The Shield of Achilles.† In The Shield of Achilles, pp. 35-37. New York: Random House, 1955.

Harvey Milk

Chloe Addison September 22, 2009 Harvey Milk As of 1977, no openly gay politician had ever held office in the United States. Homosexuality, at the time, was frowned upon and therefore the idea of a someone with â€Å"different† sexual preferences holding office was almost an impossibility. As our country was evolving during the 70’s, gays and lesbians began fighting for their rights. The voice of this phenomenal movement was that of Harvey Milk. In 1977, Milk would change American politics forever. Harvey Milk was born in Woodmere, New York in 1930. He went on to college at New York State College for Teachers and majored in mathematics. After graduating, Milk joined the U. S. Navy during the Korean War. During this time, he was very successful and was discharged in 1955 as a lieutenant, junior grade. Following his time of service, Milk began teaching at George W. Hewlett High School. While teaching, Joe Campbell would enter Milk’s life. The two fell in love and moved in together, but after six years of being together, the two separated. Harvey Milk went on to court another man by the name of Craig Rodwell. Rodwellwas part of a gay activist group which was known for agitating the police. Despite being very involved with him, Milk felt he could not continue to be with him. As the United States changed in the 1960’s, opportunities for gays and lesbians began to present themselves. One of these opportunities was Castro Street in San Francisco. By 1969, San Francisco had the largest number of homosexuals per capita than any other city in the United States. Harvey Milk quickly recognized the Bay Area as the place he would be able to make an immediate difference for the gay community. He and his love interest at the time Scott Smith,opened a film shop on Castro Street. After numerous incidents and problems with government policies, Milk decided to run for office. If elected, he realized that he would be able to make a difference for the gay community in ways that no one previously was able to do. Running for office would not be easy at all. After revealing he would be running for office, noted activist in gay politics Jim Foster did not back Milk. Despite his endorsement, many gay bar owners quickly supported his ambitions. The owners were tired of police brutality and intolerance of their establishments. Despite running on extremely low funds, Milk’s fiery speeches drew him much attention during the 1973 elections. Though he did not win, this allowed him to gain a great amount of press. Milk developed anorganization known as the Teamsters. As the Teamsters grew, Milk’s popularity grew as well. He would go on to become loving known as â€Å"the Mayor of Castro Street†. Harvey Milk would eventually win the 1977 election for the California State Assembly. His inauguration made national headlines since he was the first openly gay non-incumbent man to win an election for public office. During his time in office, Milk strived to help gays get their rights that they so desperately deserved. At the 1978 San Francisco Gay Freedom Day, Milk delivered his most memorable speech, the â€Å"Hope Speech†. Sadly Harvey Milk’s groundbreaking career was cut short after being shot and killed in 1978. Harvey Milk â€Å"My name is Harvey Milk, and I’m here to recruit you,† were the famous words of Harvey Milk, the first openly gay member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. He was elected after 3 times of losing the election because there weren’t enough people who support gay rights in San Francisco at the time. Although times have changes and many people are more open minded and are more supportive of LGBT communities, the LGBT communities still do not have the same human rights as any other America have. In present time only 10 states recognize gay marriage as a legal right. Numerous people believe that it is a sin for people of the same gender to get married. Many human right organization are advocating and protesting, that gay rights are human rights. Everyone should have the opportunity to equality in all aspects of life, such as equal marriage, medical benefits, adoption, and equal opportunities in the workforce. The Constitution it states, â€Å"†¦All men should be made equal. † This is the law. There is no way around the fact that every person deserves an equal opportunity in life regardless of what they do. People in society around the world face violence and inequality because of who they are and who they love. The fight for gay rights to become a human right has begun. But there are many people who feel as if this is a big mistake. Gay marriage has slowly become a social norm amongst individuals of today’s society. Initially, this leads to the discussion of homosexuals having the right to marry in society. Ultimately, conflict from the opposing position of ‘against’ gay marriage may arise that gay marriage can destroy the concept of marriage and mock the importance of the bible. In reference to this; everyone in society has the right to marry regardless of gender, thus it should be socially acceptable. However, this is why it is significant to discuss both sides of the argument, regardless homosexuals do not necessarily want to get marriage but may just want the justification of having equal rights. But there are people such as Jack Donnelley who commits to stating gay rights are not a human right. Donnelley explains how â€Å"homosexuality is widely considered immoral. He also states if human rights are paramount rights, not even all illegitimate discrimination falls under a human right to nondiscrimination. Donnelley explains how sexual minorities are merely people are all victims of racism, sexism, and religious persecution, they are human beings who identified by dominant social group as somehow less than a fully human and thus not entitle to the same rights as every â€Å"normal† human being would have. Marriage is a fundamental human right acco rding to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 16, and the United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Nevertheless, though not mentioned in the United States Constitution, it can be argued, as was the case in Iowa per the state’s own constitution, to be a matter of equal protection under the law. In the movie Milk, Harvey Milk was an advocate for gay rights. He believed that the more people who came out to their families the more people can relate having gay rights because they know someone who is gay and then society will become more acceptable to it. Regardless of the odds he keep fighting for the opportunity to become the first openly gay person to become elected into a political position. Harvey Milk influenced a lot of people during the time of his campaign, that gay rights were a human right. In the years since Milk’s assassination, public opinion has shifted on gay marriage, gays in the military, and other issues, and there have been hundreds of openly LGBT public officials in America, yet the work continues. As society begins to accept the LGBT community and homosexuals become openly about their relationships to one another, they become more valued members within their communities and the difference between living together or being married seems to disappear. As for homosexual couples who want to build and raise a family, adoption is the most popular action to partake in and socially this should be accepted within the rights of society. Allowing equal rights opportunities can also benefit the economy in several different ways. It can lower the unemployment rate, and also help the church communities who allow gay marriage. â€Å"Don’t Ask Don’t Tell,† was a law established by congress that allowed homosexual men and women to serve in the military as long as they kept their sexual orientation private. On September 20, 2011, congress made history by passing a law repealing the â€Å"Don’t ask don’t tell† legislation of 1993. Thousands of service men and women came out of there proverbial closets, where many had been hiding their entire careers, to celebrate their new right to express themselves freely. Some even celebrated by marrying their longtime mates, an act that only brought to light a new issue. The United States government will not recognize same sex marriage on a federal level. As a result, same-sex unions are not recognized in the military and these couples are not eligible for married benefits. Plainly put, it is not fair. All married persons serving in the military should be eligible to receive the same benefits, regardless of sexual orientation. There will always be people against any decision that will be made if they make gay rights as a human right. People will always claim gays rights are against the bible. But if homosexuals are allowed an equal opportunity in society, than not only are the people going to find this a social normal but this is a progress in society, where we can help other countries and other organization continue battling human rights equality for the entire world. Although times have changes and many people are more open minded and are more supportive of LGBT communities, the LGBT communities still do not have the same human rights as any other America have. But I believe with Harvey Milk, coming out to family and friends helps advocate equality for all people including homosexual. Harvey Milk â€Å"My name is Harvey Milk, and I’m here to recruit you,† were the famous words of Harvey Milk, the first openly gay member of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors. He was elected after 3 times of losing the election because there weren’t enough people who support gay rights in San Francisco at the time. Although times have changes and many people are more open minded and are more supportive of LGBT communities, the LGBT communities still do not have the same human rights as any other America have. In present time only 10 states recognize gay marriage as a legal right. Numerous people believe that it is a sin for people of the same gender to get married. Many human right organization are advocating and protesting, that gay rights are human rights. Everyone should have the opportunity to equality in all aspects of life, such as equal marriage, medical benefits, adoption, and equal opportunities in the workforce. The Constitution it states, â€Å"†¦All men should be made equal. † This is the law. There is no way around the fact that every person deserves an equal opportunity in life regardless of what they do. People in society around the world face violence and inequality because of who they are and who they love. The fight for gay rights to become a human right has begun. But there are many people who feel as if this is a big mistake. Gay marriage has slowly become a social norm amongst individuals of today’s society. Initially, this leads to the discussion of homosexuals having the right to marry in society. Ultimately, conflict from the opposing position of ‘against’ gay marriage may arise that gay marriage can destroy the concept of marriage and mock the importance of the bible. In reference to this; everyone in society has the right to marry regardless of gender, thus it should be socially acceptable. However, this is why it is significant to discuss both sides of the argument, regardless homosexuals do not necessarily want to get marriage but may just want the justification of having equal rights. But there are people such as Jack Donnelley who commits to stating gay rights are not a human right. Donnelley explains how â€Å"homosexuality is widely considered immoral. He also states if human rights are paramount rights, not even all illegitimate discrimination falls under a human right to nondiscrimination. Donnelley explains how sexual minorities are merely people are all victims of racism, sexism, and religious persecution, they are human beings who identified by dominant social group as somehow less than a fully human and thus not entitle to the same rights as every â€Å"normal† human being would have. Marriage is a fundamental human right acco rding to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 16, and the United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Nevertheless, though not mentioned in the United States Constitution, it can be argued, as was the case in Iowa per the state’s own constitution, to be a matter of equal protection under the law. In the movie Milk, Harvey Milk was an advocate for gay rights. He believed that the more people who came out to their families the more people can relate having gay rights because they know someone who is gay and then society will become more acceptable to it. Regardless of the odds he keep fighting for the opportunity to become the first openly gay person to become elected into a political position. Harvey Milk influenced a lot of people during the time of his campaign, that gay rights were a human right. In the years since Milk’s assassination, public opinion has shifted on gay marriage, gays in the military, and other issues, and there have been hundreds of openly LGBT public officials in America, yet the work continues. As society begins to accept the LGBT community and homosexuals become openly about their relationships to one another, they become more valued members within their communities and the difference between living together or being married seems to disappear. As for homosexual couples who want to build and raise a family, adoption is the most popular action to partake in and socially this should be accepted within the rights of society. Allowing equal rights opportunities can also benefit the economy in several different ways. It can lower the unemployment rate, and also help the church communities who allow gay marriage. â€Å"Don’t Ask Don’t Tell,† was a law established by congress that allowed homosexual men and women to serve in the military as long as they kept their sexual orientation private. On September 20, 2011, congress made history by passing a law repealing the â€Å"Don’t ask don’t tell† legislation of 1993. Thousands of service men and women came out of there proverbial closets, where many had been hiding their entire careers, to celebrate their new right to express themselves freely. Some even celebrated by marrying their longtime mates, an act that only brought to light a new issue. The United States government will not recognize same sex marriage on a federal level. As a result, same-sex unions are not recognized in the military and these couples are not eligible for married benefits. Plainly put, it is not fair. All married persons serving in the military should be eligible to receive the same benefits, regardless of sexual orientation. There will always be people against any decision that will be made if they make gay rights as a human right. People will always claim gays rights are against the bible. But if homosexuals are allowed an equal opportunity in society, than not only are the people going to find this a social normal but this is a progress in society, where we can help other countries and other organization continue battling human rights equality for the entire world. Although times have changes and many people are more open minded and are more supportive of LGBT communities, the LGBT communities still do not have the same human rights as any other America have. But I believe with Harvey Milk, coming out to family and friends helps advocate equality for all people including homosexual.

Embryonic Stem Cell Research is Morally and Medically Ethical Essay

Introduction Issue ( Background)   Science and technology have opened many doors of progress in all areas of business.   On such area far exceeds mere business and industry and touches upon human life itself.   The medical community has reached a point where it can quite possibly create new and healthy cells and organs to replace those that are damaged.   This process is made possible through embryonic stem cell research (ESCR). Embryonic stem cells, as suggested by the name are extracted from embryos that have been fertilized in a laboratory setting for use by sterile couples and then, for whatever reason, are donated for research.   These cells are about five days old (Stem Cell Basics).   The cells are then developed and grown in a culture medium and shipped to other laboratories for further research. These stem cells are special because they can be converted through genetic manipulation to be any type of cell desired. â€Å"To generate cultures of specific types of differentiated cells—heart muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells, for example—scientists try to control the differentiation of embryonic stem cells. They change the chemical composition of the culture medium, alter the surface of the culture dish, or modify the cells by inserting specific genes† (Stem Cell Basics).   The benefit of this process is that these new healthy cells can be used to replace defective or diseased cells in individuals, in effect curing them of certain ailments. Conflict, c. Stance and d. Enthymeme The controversy with this particular procedure stems from the fact that extracting these cells effectively kills the developing embryo, called at this stage a zygote.   Those who believe that these cells constitute a human being, liken the process of extracting stem cells to abortion and murder (Robinson).   Those that do not believe this way see the major medical benefits as outweighing the death of an unwanted and unused zygote.   Most of the arguments against ESCR are religious in nature while those that favor it are following pragmatic and realistic processes.   In light of the medically invaluable information and hope it provides, embryonic stem cell research should legally continue with full funding from the federal government.   II. Grounds  Ã‚   Even as focus has turned toward adult stem cell research, ESCR remains the most valuable and efficient way of utilizing stem cells for medical purposes.   In 2005, the United Kingdom announced that it was considering opening a stem cell bank using embryonic stem cells.   Its research team at the University of Cambridge found that only 150 human embryos would be needed to created genetic material for approximately two-thirds of the population.   The bank hopes to use these cells to replace â€Å"diseased or damaged tissue in conditions such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders† (Lita). Embryonic stem cells can help treat neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s and endocrinal disorders such as diabetes.   Embryonic stem cells can be transformed into dopamine-producing neurons because these stem cells can be transformed into virtually any body cell including nerve cells and pancreatic cells.   These cells can then begin producing dopamine or insulin as the case may be. (Kennell). Victims of spinal cord injuries may soon be able to regain motor control as the result of ESCR.   Preliminary research shows that it is possible to train embryonic stem cells to retrace neuro-motor pathways.   Douglas Kerr, M.D., Ph.D. of Johns Hopkins University notes that â€Å"This is proof of the principle that we can recapture what happens in early stages of motor neuron development and use that to repair damaged nervous systems†Ã‚   (Embryonic Stem Cells Repair Latent Motor Nerve). III. Warrant Despite its proven medical capabilities and hope for many other medical uses, ESCR has found virulent opposition from conservatives and the religious community.   Their arguments hinge on the use of a living human being as fodder for medical experimentation.   These arguments are suspect, even flawed, for several reasons, both philosophical and biological. Generally speaking, the more practical and pragmatic medical argument must be valued over the religious beliefs of some. First, many will argue for the analogy between ESCR and murder.   Many differences exist.   As stated earlier, the zygote in question is only five days old.   In no way could this particular cluster of cells contain life at this point – only the potential for life, which is basically the case whenever a woman and a man have intercourse.   Lawyers from the National Institute of Health agree, noting that â€Å"stem cells are incapable of growing into a complete person. They may be coaxed to develop into nerve cells or heart cells. But, at most, they can become an organ, not a complete living person. They cannot be considered a form of human life, even within the definition of pro-life supporters† (Robinson). Doctors even give biological explanations for this conclusion:     Ã¢â‚¬Å"Human embryos are defined as human organisms derived by fertilization from one or more gametes or diploid cells. Pluripotent stem cells are specialized subpopulation of cells capable of developing into most (ectoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm), but not all, human tissue and may be derived from human embryos†Ã‚   (Chesney).   Medically, even the cells are not the same. However, the zygotes are being stored indefinitely at in-vitro fertilization clinics.   For example, in the United States are over 350 fertility clinics that offer the in-vitro fertilization process.   When a women submits herself to the procedure, about 25 ova are removed from her body and fertilized with her husband’s (or other donor’s) sperm.   Only 2-4 of the embryos are used in the fertilization procedure and the rest are frozen in liquid nitrogen to save for later use.   Generally, these remaining 20 or so embryos stay in the clinic indefinitely.   Few couples use them all, and even fewer agree to donate them to other infertile couples. Many embryos die due to changes in temperature or movement, and some clinics even throw the excess embryos away or use them in training staff (Robinson).   The birth control pill blocks a fertilized ovum from implanting as does an intrauterine device (IUD).   These two devices, along with discarding the embryos or using them for training, also affect the potential for life but are not so reviled.   Moreover, the embryos’ ‘owners’ must always give consent to use these embryos for research; nobody is tricked during this process (Robinson). Basically, if these cells are not used for ESCR, they will ultimately be used for nothing. Second, many opponents argue that adult stem cell research (ASCR) could replace ESCR and save the embryos.   This is not yet the case, if it ever will be.   First of all, the nature of the stem cells are different in adults and in embryos.   Embryonic stem cells are more flexible and can become virtually any cell of any organ or tissue in the body.   Adult stem cells are much more limited and cannot even be found in many organs or tissues in the body. Moreover, adult stems cells are limited in number, even considered ‘minute’ in quantity and are very hard to identify.   Embryonic stem cells are easy to identify and exist in large, usable numbers.   Most importantly, embryonic stem cells are virtually blank, making them easy to manipulate into other tissues.   Adult stem cells can contain genetic defects or â€Å"DNA errors caused by replication or exposure to toxins† (Cohen). ESCR has been the focus of scientist for nearly two decades while ASCR has just begun to get some notice.   Because of the emergence of ASCR, the opponents want to completely ban ESCR, not understanding that it is the reason that ASCR is even possible.   However, because of the religious issues, ASCR is being forced into the limelight while ESCR has lost funding. As a result, Dr. Helen Blau, ironically an adult stem cell researcher at the Stanford University, argues that she feels â€Å"strongly we need embryonic stem cells. The answers are not just going to come from the adult stem cells and it would be extremely short-sighted to shift completely to just adult stem cells† (Cohen).   While adult stem cells may provide promise in the future, their use in the present is simply not as lucrative or promising as those of embryonic stem cells at this point in time. Backing and V. Conditions of rebuttal Most arguments in opposition to ESCR originate in the religious realm.   Dr. Dr. David Prentice,   professor of life sciences at Indiana State University and founder of Do No Harm, The Coalition of Americans for Research Ethics notes precisely this when he asserts, â€Å"The root of the debate really comes down to the ethical question of what’s the moral status of a human embryo.   Is it a person or is it a piece of property? And obviously we have no consensus on that in this country and I think that means we should not use taxpayer funds to fund this type of research†Ã‚   (Cohen). Yet, historically, this religious realm, when mixed with federal forces, has been squelched in other instances.   For example, removing the ten commandments from federal buildings, denying prayer in school, and eliminate swearing under God to affirming under oath in courtroom proceedings are just a few of the ways that the government has attempted to separate the church and the state.   Why is the religious conservative view allowed to proliferate here when it is not allowed to do so in other instances? Similarly, the force of this religious surge against ESCR is the loss of life.   While the beginning moment of human life is hugely debatable, does ESCR not also promote life?   Lawyers and medical ethicists in favor of ESCR note that â€Å"Stem cells have an enormous promise to benefit mankind — to save lives and cure or treat diseases. This generates a very strong moral imperative to explore their potential† (Robinson). Similarly, the conservative and religious opposition seems to even contradict their own opinion by not voicing concern about in-vitro fertilization clinics in general.   As noted above, clinics routinely destroy abandoned embryos by flushing them down drains, incinerating them, or exposing them to room temperature†Ã‚   (Hall).   Basically, unused, destroyed embryos number in the hundreds of thousands in fertility clinics across the country, but these clinics are not subjected to the political manipulation that ESCR is, which only uses a dozen or two embryos in the clinical setting. Furthermore, the â€Å"parents† of these embryos are never challenged.   The donors get to decide the fate of their unused embryos.   The choices are to leave them to the use of the clinic, to donate them or to destroy them.   Dr. Carl Herbert, president of the San Francisco Fertility Centers, notes that while this loss may seem harsh, it simply mimics the natural reproductive cycle. He points out that Out of all the embryos created by sexual intercourse, roughly 3 out of 4 do not last long enough to produce a baby. About half of the fertilized eggs are lost even before the woman misses her first period following conception† (Hall).   Dr. Marcelle Cedars, a fertility specialist at the University of California at San Francisco’s IVF clinic agrees.   He argues that it is â€Å"unrealistic to expect technology to do much better at preserving the lives of early-stage embryos. Human reproduction is a very inefficient process and it is difficult to afford a higher status to embryos than nature does† (Hall). Qualifier Of course nobody wants to believe that a promising medical science field could be corrupt or greedy.   Even ESCR should operate under certain moral guidelines. In no way should an embryo ever be used in any way except by that to which its donor consents.   In addition, donors should not create embryos for the sheer purpose to sell them to clinics, as the process should result as a by-product of extra embryos create for potential implantation and not create any additional embryos not for that purpose.   Finally, tricking or deceiving individuals into donating embryos or withholding information about their use would also be morally wrong. VII. Conclusion ESCR is not the enemy of the moral fiber of the United States.   It is a medically promising procedure that does not violate any right to life laws.   Religious opposition to certain issues will always exist, but in recent history, it has not been allowed in interfere with federal political, social or educational decision-making.   Clearly other possibilities and alternatives to ESCR may arise, but until these options are as viable as ESCR, they should not be allowed to interfere with the medical promise of this type of research. Works Cited Chesney, Russell et al. American Academy of Pediatrics, Human Embryo Research Committee   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   on Pediatric Research and Committee on Bioethics.   Pediatrics 108 (3), 3 Sept. 2001:     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   813-816.   Retrieved 1 April 2008 from   http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/ full/pediatrics;108/3/813 Cohen, Elizabeth.   Adult stem cells or embryonic? Scientists differ.   CNN.com/Health.   10   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   August 2001.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved 1 April 2008 from http://archives.cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/ 08/09/stem.cell.alternative/ Embryonic Stem Cells Repair Latent Motor Nerve.   Science Daily. 28 June 2006. Retrieved 1   Ã‚   April 2008 from http://stemcell.taragana.net/archive/embryonic-stem-cells-repair-latent-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   motor-nerve/ Hall, Carl T. â€Å"The forgotten embryo: Fertility clinics must store or destroy the surplus that is part   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of the process.†   SF Gate News.   20 Aug. 2001. at: http://www.sfgate.com/ Kennell, David.   The promise of stem cell research. People’s Weekly World Newspapers.   29   Ã‚   July 2006.   Retrieved 1 April 2006 from http://www.pww.org/article/articleview/9582/1/332 Lita, Ana.   Embryonic Stem Cell Research: New Developments and Controversies.   MedBioWorld.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   10 October 2006.   Retrieved 1 April 2008 from http://www.medbioworld.com/ postgenomics_blog/?p=138 Robinson, B.A. Human Stem Cells – Ethical Concerns.   Religious Tolerance.   17 Oct. 2002.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Retrieved 1 April 2008 from http://www.religioustolerance.org/res_stem2.htm   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stem Cell Basics.†Ã‚   The National Institutes of Health.   20 Feb. 2008.   Retrieved 1 April 2008 from http://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/basics3.asp

Ethical dilemmas Essays

Ethical dilemmas Essays Ethical dilemmas Essay Ethical dilemmas Essay In this essay I shall begin to justify how an ethical approach to providing support can benefit individuals and use examples to evaluate two potential dilemmas which could be faced by staff involved with the delivery of care in day to day working. When working in a health and social care environment, there are various professionals that are often faced in day to day working of situations to which involve moral dilemmas which means that it is crucially important for each professional to have a clear understanding of morality and what moral decisions are and how they are linked to the practice of health and social care. Not only this, but health and social care professionals also need to have a good understanding of their legal position and the morals and ethics that are a foundation of their professional code of practice which is extremely important in terms of occasions whereby a service user may refuse medical treatment or decides on a course of treatment which may not be beneficial for them in terms of their best interests. When these situations arise, legislation and professional codes of practice must be implemented and used as valuable guidance for the professional to follow as well as numerous other ethical points. For example, when working with vulnerable service users, all health and social care professionals have a duty of care to protect their own rights. If there is a proposed course of action or proposed treatment which could be harmful to a service user then the professional will have to weigh up the advantages and disadvantages for example, a cancer patient who normally are advised to undergo courses of chemotherapy or radiotherapy however this treatment also has harmful side effects, but the benefits of this type of therapy would outweigh the harm caused by the side effects of the treatment and therefore the treatment would normally be undertaken. Health and Social Care providers also have the responsibility to ensure that the environments can safeguard vulnerable adults which includes recruiting new staff and providing resources to ensure that the service users needs are met. Situations can arise however, whereby behaviour or actions of one individual could harm another in the service and this could be an individual with mental health problems who might become violent to someone. If this case does arise then the social care professionals must follow the services policies and procedures and if the behaviour of the individual is likely to result in significant harm to themselves or others then the individual will have to be restrained. These policies and procedures underlined from the mental capacity Act (2005) are guidelines which provide the knowledge for the health and social care professional, relating to the degree of harm which is likely to be suffered by the individual or others if the individual is not restrained. This action is to promote the wellbeing of the individual and others and is known as beneficence to which in medical context means that taking action will serve the best interest of patients to which the professionals have a duty to protect and to act in such ways for each individuals best interests. Another way to which this can be illustrated is through the effectiveness and the cost of treatment whereby the professionals have to weigh up benefits to the loss of the money to which they would be making. The ethical principles however such as independence and rights, empowerment, beneficence, safeguarding, autonomy, dignity, duty, morals and independence all have to be looked at when this decision is being made and all individuals should be fully aware of their rights and should also have equal access to medical treatment. Empowering the individual means that they are ensured that they know enough information to make an informed choice about certain decisions that can affect their quality of life and helps the individual to have control in their lives. Vulnerable people in health and social care services can sometimes rely on professionals to ensure their independence and it is important that these professionals empower the individuals to influence their independence and dont use benevolent oppression to make decisions for individuals in their care. Examples of benevolent oppression include not allowing the individual to have relationships, limiting their alcohol intake, not allowing the individual to have privacy, preventing the individual with disabilities to go out on their own, choosing activities which are acceptable for them and not giving them any choice and not providing recourses which will promote independence and autonomy. Examples of a potential ethical dilemmas which could be faced by an individual includes an individual in a care facility disclosing that they are being abused by one of the care workers and pleads to another care worker to not tell anybody else. However the right of confidentiality conflicts with the right to be protected from harm and therefore the care worker has a dilemma whether to follow through the individuals rights of confidentiality or to report the abuse to protect the individual from harm. In this care the care worker should report the other care worker to not only protect that individual who was subject to abuse but others which may also be being abused yet have not spoken out to anybody. Another example includes religion and cultural beliefs, this could include Jehovahs witnesses who by their religion do not agree with blood transfusions and therefore in situations whereby they are in hospital and require a blood transfusion to survive, the rights and duties of the professional may also conflict with those of the individuals who requires the blood transfusion and a decision will have to be made for the best course of action. In this case although the ethical morals of the professional will need to be understood, the service users religious needs will have to be met and the blood transfusion would not be able to be undertaken unless the individual signs for confirmation or if they are not in the right state at that moment in time that an advocate is there to sign on behalf of their needs. Thirdly two individuals which are living in supported tenancy in the community who have learning disabilities have become close in the last few months and have started hugging and holding hands yet when one of the individuals reveals this to a support worker the support worker begins to get concerned and discusses the situation with their supervisor who then restricted the two individuals outings so that they can no longer be together without telling the individuals. In this case the support worker believes that she is protecting the two individuals however it is evident that that these two individuals are not being allowed their independence and this is affecting both of their quality of lives. This is an example of benevolent oppression and it is evident that the support worker and the professionals working with should be more aware of ethical principles. In this case I believe that the two learning disability individuals should have been spoken to and the matter should have been discussed with them first before any action was implemented. Keeping the individuals out of the loop prevented them from having a say in their care and they were not allowed the independence to choose how they spend their life and who they spend their life with. In conclusion ethical principles are a key part in the delivery of patient care and each service needs to have the appropriate policies and procedures for guidelines on how the professionals should act when ethical dilemmas arise. There are numerous benefits of delivering care in an ethical approach for reasons such as the individuals independence and rights are respected and taken into account, the individual is empowered and therefore feels confident in the fact that they have the power to say what happens in their care and how they live their life. Other reasons include factors such as the individuals dignity will be respected which will rise their self-concept and they wont feel like a waste of space who isnt able to care for themselves and instead will feel respected and cared for.

Top 7 Mistakes You Didn’t Know You Were Making on LinkedIn®

Top 7 Mistakes You Didn’t Know You Were Making on LinkedIn ® It’s July 2014! For me, The Essay Expert, this month marks the 2nd full year that How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn ® Profile has been trending as #1 in Amazon’s Business Writing Category. I continue to be very excited about being a best-selling author- and I’m looking forward to my DreamBank presentation on how I got here, coming up on Thursday July 17! Part of what’s contributed to the success of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn ® Profile is that I keep updating it with new information and tips. In honor of the book’s anniversary as #1, I thought I’d let you in on some of the mistakes that even the most advanced LinkedIn ® users might be making. These are not the ones you see in all the Top 10 lists out on the internet! 1) Giving up on connecting with the right people What do you do when you do an Advanced search for people on LinkedIn ®, get the perfect result, and then run into something like this? With the above contact, I searched on the keyword venture capital, however, there was no connect button and no way to send him anything but InMail, and LinkedIn ® wanted me to upgrade in order to see his profile. Thankfully, when this happens to you, you have two top secret options  to view someones profile even if LinkedIn ® tries to block you. Option A: This  workaround will allow you to connect with anyone on LinkedIn ® as long as you can view their headline. First, copy the persons  first name, last initial and headline into a Google search box and the result that shows up in Google will include  the full name: Check it out! The LinkedIn ® member’s full name shows up and you dont have to upgrade! Clicked on the link and heres  what appears: Notice the  Connect button? By clicking on Connect, you  can write a brief note to the member and start up a conversation with an invitation request. If the person  accepts, you  will be able to see his or her  full profile – without purchasing a premium account. Option B: Another top secret trick for when all else fails is to share a persons  profile. Heres how: First, contact a friend or family member and tell them you will be sending them a message via LinkedIn ®. Then, select the People option from the search bar drop down menu: You will likely not have access to the individuals full name, so if you already know who you want to connect with, try typing their first name and job title into the search bar. Or if you just want to connect with several supply chain managers, type in supply chain manager and you will return a full list of people with the same identifying information. Then scroll to find your desired connection, hover over the drop down arrow to the right of the Send InMail button, and select Share: Send your message, then check your sent messages and youll see there is a link to the profile you just shared. Click on the link and you will be able to read the entire profile and contact the person! Yes it’s kind of like magic. 2) Leaving keywords out of your job titles Pretty much everyone knows that keywords are a must in your LinkedIn ® headline. But not everyone realizes the importance of keywords in your job titles. Don’t get limited in your job title fields by entering your actual job title and nothing else. There’s nothing wrong with a job title, but you have 100 characters to use in those fields. So use them! Any keywords you have identified for your headline will benefit you in the job title fields as well; you will get extra mileage by repeating your keywords as much as is appropriate. Example #1 Before: Vice President Human Resources After: Vice President Human Resources | Director of Human Resources | HR Generalist Example #2 Before: Director of Engineering After: Director of Engineering  ½ Technology Development Manager  ½Biomedical Engineer Example #3 Before: Health Wellness Educator After: Health Wellness Educator ? Corporate Wellness Program and Holistic Health Services Take a look at your job titles. Are yours optimized for LinkedIn ® SEO? If not, go add some keywords! 3) â€Å"Appending† your Specialties to your Summary when prompted If you are a long-time LinkedIn ® user, you might still have a separate Specialties section. You’ll know you have this section if you go to your Edit Summary page and it looks like this: If you see the message in blue prompting you to â€Å"Append specialties to summary,† DON’T CLICK! If you do, you will lose out on 500 characters’ worth of keywords or have to cut down your Summary section to add them; and once you delete your Specialties section you won’t be able to add it back. If you do not have a separate Specialties section, not to worry. You can still use your Summary section to include keywords for searchability in LinkedIn ®Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Advanced Search function. You can create a â€Å"mock† specialties section within the Summary simply by typing the word â€Å"Specialties† and following it with a keyword list; or you can integrate your keywords into your Summary paragraphs. 4) Ignoring the Jobs features LinkedIn ® is pretty much THE place to find a job in today’s marketplace. If you are a company, you need to be advertising job openings there. If you are a job seeker, you need to be looking for jobs there DAILY. The most obvious place way to post and seek jobs is through the Jobs tab. Just by clicking on Jobs, you’ll be given a list of jobs that match the keywords in your profile. But you’ll probably prefer to use the Advanced Search function to find jobs in the geographic area(s) and with the job title(s) that interest you. Here’s a sample search result: You can save your searches to make it easy to get the latest postings for the jobs you want. And you can apply right from the LinkedIn ® site. It costs $195 to post a job for 30 days on LinkedIn ®, and if you use this feature you are likely to get matched with very desirable candidates. If you don’t have the budget to post a job officially, consider posting it in the Jobs Discussions within LinkedIn ® groups. You won’t get the same exposure as you would if you posted to Jobs, but some savvy job seekers do look in the Jobs Discussions for openings. Be sure to post any Jobs Discussions in groups where your target market will be members. 5) Not leveraging the Find Alumni feature We humans get downright silly when it comes to Alumni connections. Perhaps the only thing we are more loyal to than our college is our sports teams. We just trust and love anyone who went to our own college way more than we do anyone else. Therefore, if you are not using the Find Alumni tool on LinkedIn ®, you are missing out on getting some seriously preferential treatment. The feature is located under the Network tab. Use it to find alumni from your own college or high school, or even from other schools. Then send some messages to these folks. They will want to help you! For more on how to leverage this great tool, see The Best Way to Network with Alumni on LinkedIn on the LinkedIn ® Official Blog. 6) Using symbols and formatting that doesn’t translate The symbols and formatting accepted by LinkedIn ® change every day. Pay attention! When you copy any text into your LinkedIn ® profile, check to see if it looks the way you want it to look before making it public! Hint: If you see a formatting trick or symbol you like in someone else’s profile, you can easily and reliably copy and paste it into yours. 7) Keeping it on line Too many people think that having a LinkedIn ® profile and having online conversations is sufficient to build a network and get results. It’s not. The people I’ve given and gotten the most value through LinkedIn ® are the people I’ve spoken with on the phone or met in person. Next time you make a new connection on LinkedIn ®, how about picking up the phone and talking to them? Or, if you’re traveling to any city, see who in your network you can meet for coffee. I have met LinkedIn ® connections when traveling to Chicago, Austin, San Francisco and more. These connections that have led to opportunities to make presentations and build my business in various ways. People like to meet people. Don’t forget that there is a human being behind every LinkedIn ® profile †¦ and chances are every one of them has a telephone and goes out for coffee dates. Go meet them! If you learned something from this article – or have another tip you want to share – please comment below! Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinJuly 7, 2014 5 Comments Marina says: July 7, 2014 at 10:35 pm Thanks so much for the brilliant hints, Brenda! Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: July 7, 2014 at 10:42 pm Youre welcome Marina! Let me know if you implement any of them! Log in to Reply Jean B says: July 8, 2014 at 6:20 am Congrats, Brenda! Great information here Log in to Reply Scott says: July 8, 2014 at 11:24 am Brenda, it is an awesome and impressive achievement to be on Amazons best seller list for two years. Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: July 8, 2014 at 4:16 pm Thanks Scott! You helped make it happen! Log in to Reply

Authentic learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Authentic learning - Essay Example In many cases authentic learning incorporates a multiplicity of styles that are basically meant to enhance the quality of the learning process (Herrington & Herrington, 2006). The learning environment in authentic learning stretches beyond the classroom to include other aspects of learning that may lie beyond the school compound to the wider community. The resources of the learning process are obtained both from the school and the community around where the authentic learning takes place (Herrington, Reeves & Oliver, 2010). The students often engage in social discourses in order to make it possible for the learning process to proceed in a manner that is both resourceful and meaningful within the understanding of knowledge development. Studies on the effectiveness of authentic learning have argued that it enhances the process of cognitive development more than the traditional learning systems. The learning process is distinguished through a hands-on approach. This approach allows the students to participate in the learning process in a manner that is consistent with the need to develop a learner-centered strategy. One characteristic of authentic learning system is that it allows students to develop products that are meant for the benefit of a real audience (Mishan, 2004). For example students in a history may make use of authentic learning by developing an oral product that narrates some details of the learning product. The importance of authentic learning revolves around the aspect of the development of the learning process. It might be argued that the process of cognitive development is largely controlled by a combination of different experiences. Authentic learning usually involves the processing of knowledge from factors that are determined by the society and other forces often included within the element of learning. It might be argued that learning in such situations often involves a combination of social, individual and academic factors. A concise underst anding of the authentic learning process must begin with an appreciation of some of the factors that relate to the aspect of social development. Precisely, theories that emphasize on the social dimension of the learning process have been used to develop structures on which authentic learning takes place. The curriculum that supports authentic learning must involve some specific structures and operational mechanics that foster the element of social interactions throughout the learning process (Magliaro, Lockee & Burton, 2005). This kind of learning is results-oriented and tailored on specific needs of the society. In usual cases learning takes place within an open environment that allows for flexible participation of students in group activities. The goal of authentic learning is to develop a body of knowledge and skills that is responsive to the actual needs of the society. It derives from the philosophy that knowledge must address the needs of the society. It is precisely because o f this factor that it departs from the tradition of abstract learning. Authentic Learning Experience Plan Brief guided interactive discussion on authentic learning and behaviorism theory of learning, (10 minutes). Questions to be administered (10 minutes) 1. Apart from chalk and the writing board,