The Theory Of Human Movement - 939 Words

As a graduating senior I often get asked the question why did you choose kinesiology, what even is kinesiology? While the â€Å"straight out book† answer would be, â€Å"the study of human movement, â€Å"may initially satisfy some, it often leaves me wanting to tell them more about how Kinesiology. The concept of this major is so much more than just â€Å"sports† and exercise. From kinesiology being built on n the foundation of kinetics it gives us a chance to be able to move and use certain mechanics within the body to give us a chance to dance with our spouse, hug our loved ones and run with our kids. And when unfortunate evens happen were we can’t perform those simple activity of motion, kinesiology gives us the fundamentals on how to give those that can’t â€Å"move† the gift of movement. A few years ago a simple movement of the swinging of ones legs or the moving of ones arms was something that my mother was unable to do. After being struck by a van while crossing in the cross walk on her way to work, her ability to move was gone at the blink of an eye. Over a course of a year and a few months Physical therapist and Occupational therapist knowledge about kinetics of the body, and their own personal philosophies, gave my mother the ability to get up and walk again and to live a normal life. Seeing these people give someone their life back without any medicines or surgery, and being able to work with these people so closely with my mother to make sure she received the best care possible,Show MoreRelatedHistory of Management Theory----Human Relations Movement1777 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Human relations movement emerged around the beginning of twenty century. 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The contributions of both these theories will beRead MoreHuman Relation1698 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Relations Theory Introduction The Human Relations Theory of organization came in to existence in 1930s as a reaction to the classical approach to organizational analysis. This is because the classical theorists neglected the human factor in the organization. The Classical theorists took a mechanical view of organization and underemphasized the sociopsychological aspects of individual’s behaviour in organization. It is this critical failure of the classical theory that gave birth to the humanRead MoreIn Outlining the Central Elements of Schmidt’s Schema Theory of Motor Learning, Comment on How It Attempted to Deal with the Shortcomings of Previous Models of Motor Learning.1501 Words   |  7 PagesSchmidt proposed his Schema Theory of Motor Learning. This theory was produced as an alternative theory to Adams’ Closed Loop Theory (1971). 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A Father Son Alcohol Addiction Free Essays

Speech to Explain Outline Topic: Attraction Specific Purpose: To explain to the class why we may become attracted to someone and what happens in our body when we are. Thesis: There are certain theories as to why we become attracted to someone. When we are attracted to someone, our brains release specific chemicals, and we subconsciously let the person know we are attracted through body language. We will write a custom essay sample on A Father Son Alcohol Addiction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction: Your heart starts to race. You fix both your hair and your shirt. Your pupils dilate and your brain releases dopamine and adrenaline. What’s going on with you? You have a crush on someone and this is your body’s response to seeing and being around that person. I’m positive that we all know what this feels like. Since spring is upon us, leading to warmer weather and more exposed skin, I’m going to discuss a topic that we’re all familiar with around this time of the year: attraction. More specifically, I’m going to explain 1) theories as to why we become attracted to a certain person 2) what happens in our brains when we develop an attraction to someone, and 3) the physical signs of attraction. Trans: Let me start off by saying that attraction is defined as â€Å"the action or power of evoking interest, pleasure, or liking for someone or something†. That being said, let’s go over how it all starts: the reasons why we may become attracted to someone. * Most physical attraction starts with superficial qualities. * According to British scientist Charles Darwin’s Evolutionary Theory, men and women look for partners who exhibit fertility and health through their physical features so they can procreate. Men are more attracted to a woman with an hour glass figure * This is body type is a sign of sexual maturity because when girls go through puberty, they get fat deposits in their breasts, hips and butt. This creates a smaller looking waist, creating the hour glass figure. * Represents a high reproductive potential. * Women are more attracted to a man with broad shoulders and a narrow waist (â€Å"V† shaped body). * Men with this body type are seen as mo re dominant. * This body shape is also linked to greater levels of testosterone and good health. Women are also more attracted to older men, because with age comes more resources. * The evolutionary theory doesn’t take personality, facial features, and expressive style into account. * How a person identifies themselves can play a role in why they become attracted to someone. This is called the Matching Hypothesis. * Proposed by Elaine Hatfield, pioneer of the scientific study of romantic love and sexual desire, this theory is states that â€Å"people will choose someone of their own level of social desirability† when making dating and mating choices. If you think you’re a 10, you’re going to pursue 10’s. If you think you’re a 6, you’re going to pursue 6’s. * Fun fact: It only takes about a second to decide if you’re physically attracted to someone. (Too short, too tall, too skinny, etc. ) TRANS: The evolutionary theory a nd the matching hypothesis are just two possible explanations as to why we may develop a physical attraction to someone, both dealing with superficial qualities. Now let’s take a look at what’s going on in our brains when we become attracted to someone. The brain is responsible for being attracted to someone, not the heart. * The brain releases 3 chemicals called â€Å"monoamines† when attracted to someone. * Dopamine is a chemical that when released, gives you a feeling of pleasure and satisfaction. * When attracted to someone, it can be released when you see that person, when you talk to them, when they touch you, etc. * It is also released when eating chocolate and doing cocaine. * Helen Fisher, Rutgers University anthropologist expert on romantic love, states that the brain processes attraction the same way it would an addiction. Norepinephrine is a hormone that, when released, increases our heart rates and makes us start to sweat. * It is related to adrena line (â€Å"fight or flight† response) * Gives us those butterflies in our stomach, leaves us breathless. * Serotonin is a chemical that gives us a feeling of calmness and togetherness. * During the initial stages of attraction serotonin levels are low, which explains why we can’t eat or sleep or think about anything other than the person we’re attracted to. * Levels of serotonin rise when the attraction starts to progress into a relationship. The downside to this is that there is a lack of excitement in the relationship. TRANS: So, as the brain releases these chemicals, our bodies will show signs of these chemical and hormonal releases. Now I’m going to go over the physical signs that occur when you are attracted to someone. * An attraction to someone will manifest itself through body language * Your pupils will dilate * Dilation occurs because the release of dopamine when seeing an attractive person excites the nerve endings in your pupils, causing them to dilate. You start to mirror the other person’s actions * Body language mirroring happens subconsciously when you’re attracted to someone and things are going well. * If your crush leans in on the table, you will lean in on the table, if they cross their legs, you’ll cross your legs. * A 2009 study found that in a speed dating scenario, a woman who mimicked the actions of her date made the date a more positive and memorable experience in the man’s opinion. [Gugen] * You start to fix your appearance When you are or are expecting to be around your person of interest, you start to make yourself as visually appealing as possible. * For women, this could mean fixing your hair, adjusting your make up, showing off some skin. * For men, this could also mean fixing their hair, and adjusting their clothes. Trans: So, now that you know what some signs of a crush are, hopefully you can identify when someone’s attracted to you or not. Conclusion: To review, the evolutionary theory and the matching hypothesis are two possible explanations behind why we can become attracted to someone. Our brains release three chemicals when we are around the person we like, and our body language can give away if we are interested in a certain person. Now that you know a little bit about what goes on with our bodies, you can be better prepared the next time you develop an attraction to someone. Thank you. ‘Works Cited Dingfelder, Sadie. â€Å"More than a Feeling. †Ã‚  More Than A Feeling. N. p. , n. d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. . Hatfield, Elaine. Matching Hypothesis. Http://www. elainehatfield. com/ch108. pdf. N. p. , n. d. Web. â€Å"The Look of Love: Top 5 Physical Signs of Attraction.   HowStuffWorks. N. p. , n. d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. â€Å"Love Potion No. 9: Top 5 Love Chemicals in the Brain. †Ã‚  HowStuffWorks. N. p. , n. d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. Nicolas, Guegen. â€Å"Mimicry and Seduction: An Evaluation in a Courtship Context. †Ã‚  Taylor and Francis. N. p. , n. d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. . Riggio, Ronald. â€Å"Which Body Types Are Most Sexually Attractive. †Ã‚  PsychologyToday. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. . â€Å"The Science of Love. †Ã‚  BBC News. BBC, n. d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. . â€Å"Social Psychology. †Ã‚  SparkNotes. SparkNotes, n. d. Web. 07 Apr. 2013. How to cite A Father Son Alcohol Addiction, Papers

Case Study on Strategic Management of Amazon.Com Inc.

Question: Critically examine the relationship and the need for compatibility between corporate strategic and functional management policies. Analyse the internal and external influences on corporate objectives and strategy. Demonstrate the need for flexibility in strategic management and the practical limits of quantifying corporate strategy. Answer: Introduction Amazon.com Inc. is the American electronic commerce company, which is popularly known as Amazon (Rollins and Sandberg 2013). The organization has cloud services as well and is headquartered in Seattle, Washington. In the United States, Amazon is the biggest internet-based retailer (Klaus 2013). The organization was started initially as online bookstore and later with product diversification, it expanded in United Kingdom, Germany, Canada, France, Italy, Mexico, India, China, Japan, Brazil, Australia and Netherlands (Klaus 2013). In this report, strategic choices that Amazon has taken will be discussed through internal and external analysis, competitive strategy, strategic choice and strategy evaluation. Corporate Objectives Amazon was founded by Jeff Bezos in the year 1994 and sold its first book in 1995. After that, the organization became one of the largest e-commerce giant in internet retail world. The vision statement of the organization is Our vision is to be earth's most customer centric company; to build a place where people can come to find and discover anything they might want to buy online (Amazon.co.uk. 2016). In order to incorporate the vision, the organization has developed the best transparent leadership style and its mission statement Earths most customer centric company reflects it (Amazon.co.uk. (2016). The corporate values of the organization include customer obsession, innovation, bias for action and leveraging commitment (Amazon.co.uk. 2016). The organization allocates a lot of information from target market and finally introduces wide range of daily products in cheap price. The organization collected revenue of US$ 107 billion in the year 2015, and it has net income of US$ 596 milli on in 2015 (Amazon.co.uk. 2016). Amazon has its scope of expansion in developing countries, especially in India. Figure 1: Amazon Revenue Earning (Source: Mooney and Slobodian 2016) External Analysis Macroeconomic Analysis Macro environmental analysis will be done by PESTLE analysis. Factors Explanation Politics Amazon was blocked in UK market in the past but in the recent years, government does not affect its operation Stable political scenario of UK has let the organization to operative exponentially Economics Consumer spending in UK varies so as to control inflation, which is reflected on interest rates, affecting the sales of Amazon Due to credit crunch and house loan tightening, UK e-commerce market has dropped slightly, giving rise to open markets in India and China With globalization, Amazon will get the opportunity to serve new products Social Online social networking has increased by 31.7% in UK giving rise to increased online retail advertisement High advantage to market products in the website reducing cost of operation Growth of internet by 28.9% has resulted more social bonding, which will give rise to sales Technology Technological innovation and enhanced Information Communication Technology will surely give rise to business broadening with cheaper cost Demand of technical devices such as TV, Smartphone, Tablets and laptops has enhanced the online shopping in UK Availability of rich media applications will enhance sales in the forthcoming years Legal There is no regulatory standards such as data protection act for e-commerce in UK No harsh governmental standards for e-commerce platform Environment UK is highly aware of global warming and pollution With reduction in travel more online shopping will increase in future Increasing motive of corporate social responsibility Green concept in packaging and postage Table 1: PESTLE Analysis of Amazon in UK (Source: Ritala, Golnam and Wegmann 2014) Competitive Analysis Porters Five Forces will provide detailed competitive analysis for Amazon. Threat from Substitute Threat of New Entry According to Chaudhari (2015), the threat of new market entry is quite lower for Amazon UK. This is because the organization has developed itself to a huge extent and provides numerous range of product for each category, which will not be supported by any new e-commerce company. Rivalry among Competitors The rivalry among competitors is high for Amazon UK. Hennig-Thurau, Hofacker and Bloching (2013) pointed out that Amazon provides wide range of products for each category, still its competitors such as eBay, Netflix, Apple, Google and Time Warner Cable are affecting its business in UK. On the other hand, Reid (2015) pointed out that auction websites are competitive enough for Amazon such as eBay, Ubid.com and other internet portal companies. Bargaining Power of Customer According to Irani and Silberman (2013), with high bargaining power of consumer, Amazon has to keep competitive pricing strategy. On the other hand, Bao and Chang (2014) pointed out that Amazon has very less overhead costs as it operates only through online. Amazon has huge customer centric tactics that has resulted in reducing its negative publicity. Bargaining power of Supplier Armstrong et al. (2014) pointed out that with medium-high bargaining power of supplier, Amazon has able to enrich its inventory with numerous suppliers from local companies in UK. Amazons goal is to offer everything to everyone. Furthermore, Scott (2015) pointed out that Amazon gives the opportunities to local entrepreneurs and new business to expand their sales through online platform. Figure 2: Porters Five Forces Analysis of Amazon (Source: Armstrong et al. 2014) Internal Analysis Strategic Capabilities Organizational resources and competences Scott (2015) opined that organizational resources are consisted of human, capital and physical factors. Amazon currently has 132,600 employees and more than 260 million registered clients. Some of the human resource policies that this organization enlists are employee empowerment, career choices, pay to quit and virtual contact center. On the other hand, Lafferty and Edmondson (2014) pointed out that the organization has the widest range of supply chain. This consists of local entrepreneurs, retail business sector and IT sector products, which indicates Amazon has the top range products in its market. As a result, the organization has created itself as the benchmark for other organizations in terms of cost cutting and product diversification. Basic and Unique Resources Basic and Unique Resources of Amazon Basic Resources Products consist of digital goods and services, books, household products and many others Warehouse Development system and employee training Customer database Customer service support Online marketing channel and promotion Kindle services Brand Popularity Supply chain Unique Resources Most diversified product category Strong revenue growth One click payment Product development Competitive pricing (heavy discounts) Amazon Web Services EC2 and S3 Quick delivery logistics Long term partnership with third party Senior management team has strong negotiation ability Flexible business expansion Table 2: Basic and Unique Resources of Amazon (Source: Malaga 2012) Business Functions The business function is consisted of online retail, internet services and Kindle ecosystem. Business Functions of Amazon.com Inc Online retail Traditional business consisting of online products, also known as traditional retailer Online retail is considered as the low cost retailer Biggest product selection consisting of family products, teenager products and digital gadgets Claims to be the long-tail retailer Internet Services Consisted of both retail business and Kindle Ecosystem Started to provided services such as Amazon Prime, video-streaming, retail purchases at convenient price All you can eat and subscription business model Amazon Web Services (AWS) Kindle ecosystem Expanding the family of Kindle tablets in the UK market Electronic eBook reader Acts as both traditional retailer and manufacturer Business Model canvas in given in Appendix 1 Table 3: Business Functions of Amazon.com Inc (Source: Fowler, Pitta and Leventhal 2013) Basis of Competitive Strategy Key Market Segments According to Bruce and Solomon (2013), Amazon.com identifies the most appropriate market segments for its wide range of products. Reczek, Haws and Summers (2014) pointed out that Amazon has product range from all category of people and thus, it has the widest range of consumer. The market segments of Amazon.com are given below. Market segmentation of Amazon.com is given in figure 3. Johnston (2014) pointed out that Amazon.com is not restricted to any behavioral segment, which indicates it has the widest range of products. The products are available in all countries and are recently launched in China. Products such as baby toys and handicapped items are available online, which indicates consumers of all age are satisfied with the products. Amazon products are available for any type of family, any income group and middle-education level people. Figure 3: Market Segmentation of Amazon.com (Source: Hathaway 2014) Business Strategy Through Porters Generic Strategy Framework, business strategy will be defined. Figure 4: Porters Generic Strategy Framework for Amazon.com (Source: Gopaldas 2015) According to Mata and Quesada (2014), the broad functions of Amazon consists price determination and cost cutting. Both of these functions reduces the cost of products and even reduces the organizational expenditure. On the other hand, Kim (2014) pointed out that Amazon has ensured differentiation in terms of both product and price. The organization maintains different pricing strategy such as competitive pricing for saturated products and premium pricing for latest entries. Chaffey, Smith and Smith (2012) pointed out that Amazon ensures bulk supplies and keeps strong relationship with them. In this way, focus on cost reduction has been ensured by Amazon, which gave rise to accelerated consumer loyalty. Strategic Choice Ansoff Matrix will explain Strategic choice of Amazon.com. Figure 5: Ansoff Matrix of Amazon.com (Source: Ivanova, Scholz and Dorner 2013) According to Sheth, Parvatiyar and Sinha (2015), Amazon.com needs to penetrate into new market by more advertising programs and loyalty programs. This is because Amazon has a lot of products available in its website that is not known by the consumers of UK. Such products are art supplies, medical equipment, and central government job exam materials. On the other hand, Pousttchi and Hufenbach (2014) pointed out that product development of Amazon.com has to be ensured by packaging system and new area development plan. Packaging will ensure product robustness and even act as the mode of advertisement. According to Shamma and Hassan (2013), in the new market, such products are required to be included by Amazon that has the highest demand in other countries such as technical gadgets and home equipment. On the other hand, Hannah et al. (2014) pointed out that in new market, penetration pricing of products is to be ensured so that new consumers are engaged. Furthermore, Panagiotelis, Smith and Danaher (2014) opined that Amazon.com needs to include new services such as virtual money, payment gateway elegancy and coupons for retail megastores. Strategy Evaluation Suitability According to Lund and Marinova (2014), in the UK market, a large number of people is spending more time in social networking sites than in television. Therefore, Amazon has the opportunity to give more advertisements through social networking sites, which will engage more consumers. Amazon does not consider marketing programs such as marketing campaign and events (Yadav et al. 2013). Therefore, for product expansion, it needs to ensure physical campaign in crowded areas, which will allocate more consumers. On the other hand, introduction of new products in the market will ensure huge suitability as the amount of entrepreneurship in increasing rapidly in UK. Such businesses will be able to sell their products via online platform such as Amazon. Serial Number Factors Explanation 1 Economic sense High demand with high supply and therefore low price for quality products 2 Economics of scale Lower fixed cost and variable cost due to rise in sale Increasing operational efficiencies Cost advantage leading to price reduction 3 Environment and capabilities Rising businesses in UK and entrepreneurship Table 4: Suitability Analysis (Source: Yadav et al. 2013) Acceptability Amazon can accept the strategies discussed in Ansoff Matrix because it is practical enough for the organization to expand its market in new nations through product diversification. Amazons amount of revenue earning is highest among its competitors in UK and therefore this may aid in establishing any new market (Yadav et al. 2013). On the other hand, the online services will include new coupon generation for retail megastores in the form of virtual money. This is acceptable for the organization, as it will in turn generate more revenue. Feasibility All the strategies that have been presented in the Ansoff Matrix require a lot of capital. Amazon has the ability to share 20 percent of its capital that is earned from other countries for establishing new markets (West, Ford and Ibrahim 2015). Therefore, it is feasible for the organization to establish new markets through events and marketing campaigns. Serial Number Factors Explanation 1 Funding Supporting fund from revenue generated by other matured markets Fund from investors 2 People Small businesses and entrepreneurs Human resource through campus drive 3 Time Within 10 months to 12 months 4 Information Demand forecasting Availability of suppliers Availability of entrepreneurs Identification of competitors Table 4: Feasibility factors fulfillment of Amazon (Source: West, Ford and Ibrahim 2015) Figure 6: Feasibility forecasting of Amazon (Source: Picard 2014) Conclusion and Recommendation Brief conclusion Amazon.com has been found to grow gradually in UK and other nations. The strategic issues are related with advertisements strategy and market penetration with new products. Therefore, through strategic analysis, it has been formulated that the organization needs to initiate marketing campaign and physical events in crowded locations. The products are available only in online store and therefore, Amazon needs to get in tough physically with the people of UK and in new markets as well so as to enhance brand awareness and consumer loyalty. Through feasibility test, it has been found that revenue will positively accelerate in the next four years, and therefore Amazon needs to organize such marketing events in future. Capitalizing Strength Amazon has reached in various nations in terms of market expansion by offering best discounts and daily products for its valuable consumers. On the other hand, Amazon does not organize marketing events. As this organization is following only product differentiation and cost cutting, hence it can be said that the company has been capitalizing its strengths. Main Weakness Amazon is moving away from its core competence of book selling to new product diversification, which may impact its business. Offering free shipping to its consumers Amazon might be in danger by losing margins. Amazon operates in near zero margin business model, but still meaning profit has not been gained by the organization. Managing Threats Amazon is trying to manage its threats only by product diversification and entering into new markets. This is the best way to reduce threat as risk is getting minimized and opportunity for revenue earning is increasing with expansion. Contradiction There is no contradiction in between strategic choices and vision taken by Amazon. Vision clearly indicates that consumer can find any product in their website and so it is following product diversification, which has resulted in building the top e-commerce platform globally. Reference List Amazon.co.uk. 2016. Amazon.co.uk: Low Prices in Electronics, Books, Sports Equipment more. [online] Available at: https://www.amazon.co.uk/ [Accessed 22 Mar. 2016]. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Bao, T. and Chang, T.L.S., 2014. Finding disseminators via electronic word of mouth message for effective marketing communications.Decision Support Systems,67, pp.21-29. Bao, T. and Chang, T.L.S., 2014. Why Amazon uses both the New York Times Best Seller List and customer reviews: An empirical study of multiplier effects on product sales from multiple earned media.Decision Support Systems,67, pp.1-8. Bruce, M. and Solomon, M.R., 2013. Managing for media anarchy: a corporate marketing perspective.Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,21(3), pp.307-318. Chaffey, D., Smith, P.R. and Smith, P.R., 2012.eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. Routledge. Chaudhari, H., 2015. The Impact of Zero-Price Promotions on Sales: A case study of Amazon Appstore. Fowler, D., Pitta, D. and C. Leventhal, R., 2013. Technological advancements and social challenges for one-to-one marketing.Journal of Consumer Marketing,30(6), pp.509-516. Gopaldas, A., 2015. Creating firm, customer, and societal value: Toward a theory of positive marketing.Journal of Business Research,68(12), pp.2446-2451. Hannah, D., Parent, M., Pitt, L. and Berthon, P., 2014. It's a secret: Marketing value and the denial of availability.Business Horizons,57(1), pp.49-59. Hathaway, S., 2014. The point of purchase is wherever the consumer is, so what is the future for shopper marketing?Journal of Brand Strategy,3(2), pp.139-147. Hennig-Thurau, T., Hofacker, C.F. and Bloching, B., 2013. Marketing the pinball way: Understanding how social media change the generation of value for consumers and companies.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), pp.237-241. Irani, L.C. and Silberman, M., 2013, April. Turkopticon: Interrupting worker invisibility in amazon mechanical turk. InProceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 611-620). ACM. Ivanova, O., Scholz, M. and Dorner, V., 2013. Does Amazon Scare Off Customers? The Effect of Negative Spotlight Reviews on Purchase Intention. InWirts chafts informatik(p. 2). Johnston, W.J., 2014. The future of business and industrial marketing and needed research.Journal of Business Market Management,7(1), pp.296-300. Kim, J.B., 2014. Impact of Online Customer Reviews and Incentives on the Product Sales at the Online Retail Store: An Empirical Study at Amazon. com. Klaus, P., 2013. The case of Amazon. com: towards a conceptual framework of online customer service experience (OCSE) using the emerging consensus technique (ECT).Journal of Services Marketing,27(6), pp.443-457. Lafferty, B.A. and Edmondson, D.R., 2014. A note on the role of cause type in cause-related marketing.Journal of Business Research,67(7), pp.1455-1460. Lovelock, C., Patterson, P.G. and Wirtz, J., 2014.Services marketing. Pearson Australia. Lund, D.J. and Marinova, D., 2014. Managing revenue across retail channels: The interplay of service performance and direct marketing.Journal of Marketing,78(5), pp.99-118. Malaga, R.A., 2012. Responding to State Sales Tax Laws for Online Retailers-A Case Study of Amazon and The States.Journal of Applied Business Research,28(6), p.1229. Mata, F.J. and Quesada, A., 2014. Web 2.0, social networks and e-commerce as marketing tools.Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research,9(1), pp.56-69. Mooney, M. and Slobodian, S., 2016. Seeing the wood for the trees: Fixing large undefined problems in digital marketing.Journal of Digital Social Media Marketing,3(4), pp.294-303. Panagiotelis, A., Smith, M.S. and Danaher, P.J., 2014. From Amazon to Apple: Modeling online retail sales, purchase incidence, and visit behavior. Journal of Business Economic Statistics,32(1), pp.14-29. Picard, R.G., 2014. 12 Digital Media and the Roots of Marketing Strategy. Policy and marketing strategies for digital media,19, p.195. Pousttchi, K. and Hufenbach, Y., 2014. Engineering the value network of the customer interface and marketing in the data-rich retail environment. International Journal of Electronic Commerce,18(4), pp.17-42. Reczek, R.W., Haws, K.L. and Summers, C.A., 2014. Lucky loyalty: the effect of consumer effort on predictions of randomly determined marketing outcomes.Journal of Consumer Research,41(4), pp.1065-1077. Reid, S., 2015. A critique on the multinational marketing strategies. Scholedge International Journal of Business Policy Governance ISSN 2394-3351,2(3), pp.1-5. Ritala, P., Golnam, A. and Wegmann, A., 2014. Coopetition-based business models: The case of Amazon. com.Industrial Marketing Management,43(2), pp.236-249. Rollins, M. and Sandberg, R., 2013.The business of Android apps development: making and marketing apps that succeed on Google Play, Amazon Appstore and more. Apress. Scott, D.M., 2015.The new rules of marketing and PR: How to use social media, online video, mobile applications, blogs, news releases, and viral marketing to reach buyers directly. John Wiley Sons. Shamma, H. and Hassan, S., 2013. Customer-driven benchmarking: A strategic approach toward a sustainable marketing performance. Benchmarking: An International Journal,20(3), pp.377-395. Sheth, J.N., Parvatiyar, A. and Sinha, M., 2015. The conceptual foundations of relationship marketing: Review and synthesis.Journal of Economic Sociology= Ekonomicheskaya sotsiologiya,16(2), pp.119-149. West, D., Ford, J. and Ibrahim, E., 2015.Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press. Yadav, M.S., De Valck, K., Hennig-Thurau, T., Hoffman, D.L. and Spann, M., 2013. Social commerce: a contingency framework for assessing marketing potential.Journal of Interactive Marketing,27(4), pp.311-323.